The Common Kestrel: A Small Raptor Abundant in France
The Common Kestrel, also known as the Falco tinnunculus, is a small raptor bird that is abundantly found in France. This elegant bird of prey belongs to the family Falconidae and is commonly seen throughout the country.
Identification of the Common Kestrel
The Common Kestrel is a small bird, measuring about 39 cm in length with a wingspan of 65 cm to 82 cm. The male Kestrel has a distinctive plumage with a reddish-brown mantle, grayish head, and cheeks, and dark-circled yellow eyes. It also has a long, light-colored tail with black stripes at the end. On the other hand, the female Kestrel has a more uniform plumage with a chamois color and more pronounced spots. Both males and females have yellow legs and black claws.
Habitat and Distribution of the Common Kestrel
The Common Kestrel is a versatile bird that adapts well to various landscapes and habitats. It can be found in Europe, Eurasia, and northern Africa, except for Oceania and the Americas. In Europe, it ranges from northern Scandinavia to the Mediterranean basin. The Kestrel prefers open spaces like fields, bocages, maquis, and pre-forests, but can also be spotted in urban areas such as parks and gardens.
Behavior and Diet of the Common Kestrel
The Common Kestrel is a solitary bird, living in territorial pairs during the breeding season. It feeds predominantly on small mammals like voles and mice. It hunts by hovering in the air or perching on a high post to spot its prey. Once it spots a potential meal, it swoops down and catches it with its sharp claws. The Kestrel is also known to consume other small animals like amphibians, lizards, worms, insects, and occasionally, young birds.
Reproduction and Conservation of the Common Kestrel
The Common Kestrel is monogamous and forms territorial pairs during the breeding season. They primarily nest on rocky cliffs, but if unavailable, they may use tree cavities or even old human structures like castles or ruins. The female Kestrel lays 2 to 6 eggs, which she incubates for about 30 days. The chicks hatch with white down feathers, which gradually turn gray. They start flying at around 5 weeks old but remain dependent on their parents for food and protection until they are about 2 months old.
The Common Kestrel is considered a common species; however, its population has been in decline for the past few decades. Climate change and human activities, such as the use of pesticides in intensive agriculture, have negatively affected their numbers. Despite this, the Kestrel remains an essential ally for gardeners and farmers as it helps control rodent populations naturally.
To ensure the survival of the Common Kestrel and its presence in France, it is crucial to protect their habitats and promote sustainable farming practices that minimize the use of harmful chemicals. By doing so, we can continue to enjoy the beauty and ecological benefits of this remarkable bird of prey.
