What is Guano?
Guano is a type of organic fertilizer that belongs to the category of fertilizers derived from animal or plant materials. Unlike mineral or chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers like guano are derived from natural substances and have not undergone significant chemical transformations. Guano is specifically used to enrich the soil with essential nutrients and improve its structure.
Types of Guano
There are two main types of guano: guano from seabirds and guano from bats. Seabird guano is derived from the accumulation and aging of excrement and carcasses of seabirds. It is rich in nitrogen, which is essential for the vegetative growth of plants, as well as phosphate and potassium. This type of guano is highly concentrated and potent, similar to poultry manure. Bat guano, on the other hand, consists of the excrement of bats and is collected from their nests. It is also rich in nitrogen, but contains higher levels of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium compared to seabird guano.
Benefits and Controversies
Guano is known for its high concentration of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, which promotes plant growth. It is often used as a “quick-acting” fertilizer due to its rapid release of nutrients. However, the use of guano is not without controversy. The extraction of guano can have detrimental effects on natural habitats, such as the nesting sites of birds. Additionally, the transportation of guano from distant locations can have a negative impact on carbon emissions.
How to Use Guano
Guano is typically used in the spring, between March and June, when plants start their vegetative growth. It is particularly beneficial for vegetable gardens and lawns. However, it is not recommended for use on flower gardens or seedlings.
Before applying guano, it is important to assess your soil’s nitrogen content. If your plants are growing poorly, with small leaves and slow growth, and if the foliage is turning yellow, it may indicate a nitrogen deficiency. In such cases, guano can be used as a supplemental nitrogen fertilizer, in addition to compost.
When using guano, it is crucial to follow the recommended dosage. For seabird guano, the recommended dosage is 0.5 to 1 kg per 10m². For bat guano, the dosage is slightly higher at 1 to 2 kg per 10m². It is important to avoid direct contact between guano and plant roots, as the high concentration of nutrients can be harmful. When planting, it is advisable to mix guano with the soil at the bottom of the planting hole, add a layer of soil, and then place the plant.
Guano is available in powder form and does not emit any unpleasant odor. To use guano for maintenance purposes, it should be spread evenly over moist soil, lightly scratched into the top layer, and watered for better penetration.
Cost of Guano
The cost of guano depends on the type (seabird or bat guano) and the packaging. It typically ranges from around €10 for a 1kg packet to €70 for a 20kg bag. If purchasing in bulk, it is important to store the guano in a dry place, protected from the elements.
In summary, guano is a nitrogen-rich organic fertilizer that provides essential nutrients to enhance plant growth. While it offers numerous benefits, it is essential to use guano responsibly to minimize environmental impact. By following the recommended dosage and properly incorporating guano into the soil, gardeners can unlock the power of this natural fertilizer and ensure healthier, more productive plants.
